As we age our bone density decreases.  In a moderate degree, this is called osteopenia.  Osteoporosis is a more severe level of bone loss.  This is classically measured by a bone density study (DEXA). A “T score” of -2.5 indicates osteoporosis. Osteopenia and osteoporosis can be treated in several ways: Weight-bearing exercise, especially walking, is helpful. Adequate vitamin D (approximately 800 – 1000 units daily) and calcium (1000 – 1500mg daily) is important. There are medicines that may be prescribed to improve bone density and strength to decrease one’s risk of having a fracture (broken bone). The decision to treat low bone mass is based on the risk fracture.  The World Health Organization (WHO) has a website which calculates this risk based on one’s personal history, family history, and DEXA score.

Bone Health Program Information

Osteoporosis is treatable, reversible, and can be prevented for longer periods of time. For more information, read the National Council for Aging Care’s Osteoporosis Defined: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments.

 Bone Density Test and FRAX Results and Treatment

There are several families of medications used to improve bone strength. Each has different mechanisms of action, benefits and downside risks.  It is important to remember that, although there are risks for treatment there are also very real risks in failure to treat which include, not only the pain and disability of fractures, but also significant potential for permanent loss of function and inability to continue an active, independent lifestyle. Below is a table regarding different medication options from the National Osteoporosis Foundation:  www.nof.org

 Medicines Approved to Prevent and/or Treat Osteoporosis

Please talk to your SOSMed physician or your primary care provider to learn more.